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Program
curriculum covers:
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| Course Introduction and
Registration
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Introduction to Hyperbaric
Chambers:
multi, dual and mono
place
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Calculation of Pressure
- Atmosphere Absolute (ATA)
- Ambient
- BAR
- mmHq
- PSI
- FSW
- Bottom Pressures
- Overbottom Pressures
- Hydrostatic
- Pneumatic
- Partial Pressures
- Cylinder Pressure Conversions
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Mathematical Formulas of Dalton's Law
- Dalton's Law as Applied to Calculations
of Partial Pressures/fractions of Gases
- Depths for Using Gases Ensuring the
Safe Physiological Limits of All Treatment Gases
- Decompression Gases: air, oxygen,
nitrox, etc. ... for patients and observers
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Barotrauma of Ears and Sinuses
- Sinus Squeeze
- Inner Ear and Middle Ear Trauma
- Alternobaric Vertigo
- Oval and Round Window Rupture
- Tympanic Membrane
- Vestibular 8th Nerve DCS
- Hemorrhage Along the 8th Nerve
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Barotrauma of the Lungs, Extra
Alveolar Air Syndrome (E.A.A.S.)
- Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Pneumopericardium
- Pneumomediastinum
- Subcutaneous Emphysema
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Extra Alveolar Air
- Physical Requirements of Diving
- Candidates
- Factors that Predispose to E.A.A.
- Primary
- Medical
- Operational
- Environmental Factors
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Scene Management of E.A.A.
- On the Scene First Aid
- Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Head Down/Left Lateral Position
- The Use of Oxygen and Other Emergency
Medical Procedures for Medical and Lay Personnel
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Treatment of E.A.A.
- Treatment Protocol for Diving Medical
Officers (DMO's)
- USN, Commercial, NOAA, USAF and Foreign
Treatment Tables Philosophies
- Medications and Drugs Fluids
- Critical Care Management
- Post Treatment Evaluation
- Retreatments
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Physiological Implications of
Oxygen and Oxygen Life Support Ranges for Diving and Recompression
Therapy (Patient/Observer)
(Recompression
Chamber Manual page 33-44)
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Oxygen Life Support Limits
(Operational/Therapeutical)
- Underlying Pathophysiology of CNS
Oxygen Toxicity
- Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
- Hypoxia
- Limits as Applied to Patients and
Observers
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Central Nervous System Oxygen
Toxicity
(CNS O2 Toxicity)
- Pathophysiology of the Signs and
Symptoms
- Underlying Mechanisms of the Off
Phenomenon
- Oxygen Delivery Systems
- Ventilation Rate Requirements for
Chambers, Hood Systems, Masks and Ventilators
- Factors That Reduce Tolerance to Oxygen
for Patient and Observer Care
- Oxygen Exposure Limit Tables and Their
Use
- The Use of Oxygen for Decompression of
Observers
- Protocol for Seizures in a Multi, Dual
or Mono Chamber
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Pros and Cons of In-Water Use
of Oxygen
for Therapy and Decompression
- Safety Considerations for Using Oxygen
Enriched Air Mixtures for Therapy
- Oxygen Tolerance Test
- CNS Oxygen Toxicity and the Oxygen
Treatment Tables
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Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
(Recompression
Chamber Manual page 45-59)
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Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Oxygen
Toxicity
Understanding the Pulmonary O2
Clock for Operational Diving and Therapy
- Preventing Damage to the Lungs of
Patients and Observers
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Using the Unit Pulmonary Toxicity Dose
- Determining the Net Effect of a
Specific Duration of Breathing Oxygen at Pressure
- Converting the UPTD to Percentage of
Vital Capacity Decrement (%Vc)
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Determining the percentage of
Vital Capacity Decrement at the Dive Site O2 Consumed
During the Dive During Decompression Treatment at Dive Site
- Evacuation on O2
- Amount of Oxygen Given During
Treatments With or Without Extensions
- Can Oxygen Be Given on Ward After
Treatment?
- When to Bring Patient Back for
Retreatment
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| Signs and Symptoms of
Pulmonary O2 Toxicity
Pathophysiology of Pulmonary O2
Toxicity
Arithmetic Method for Predicting
Percentage of Vital Capacity Decrement
Pulmonary Symptom Reversal and Restart
Times of the Pulmonary O2 Clock
Lowering the Partial Pressure of Oxygen
on the Pulmonary Clock
- Open Circuit Air
- Closed Circuit Mixed Gas
- Change Gas Mixtures
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Decompression Sickness (DCS)
Physiological Considerations Found in the
Development of DCS History of DCS
Factors that Predispose Certain Tissues
to DCS
Types, Signs and Symptoms of DCS
Scene Management of DCS
Factors that Contribute to DCS
- Primary
- Medical
- Operational
- Environmental
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| Clinical Manifestations and
Diagnosis of DCS
Physiological Basis for Dive Table
Development
Critical Care of DCS in Hyperbaric
Chamber
Treatment Table Selection for All Types
of DCS
Medications for Field and Hyperbaric
Treatment of DCS
- Fluids
- Drugs
- Steroids, Etc.
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Medications in Diving and
Hyperbaric Environments
Medications and Underlying Diseases that
Disqualify Divers
Medications Used in Hyperbaric Therapy
(E.A.A. and DCS)
Common Medications Used for Field
Management of Diving Accidents
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Physical Fitness for Diving
An Overview of the Physical Requirements
for Divers
Physical Conditions and Medical Problems
Which Present Hazards to Divers and Chamber Observers
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Physiological and Operational
Implications of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
(Recompression
Chamber Manual page 65- 78)
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Carbon Dioxide Life Support Ranges
Maximum PCO, for Patients on 2-3 ATA of O2
Mechanism ofPCO2 and PO2
Contributing
to Convulsions
Ventilation Rate Requirements
- Multi, Dual and Mono Chambers
- Hoods, Masks and Ventilators
- (ACFM vs. SCFM)
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Ventilation of Respiratory
Dead Space
- How the Mechanical Dead Space or
Mechanical Resistance to Breathing Can Contribute to CNS O2
Toxicity
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Ventilation Rate Requirements for Chamber
With or Without Overboard Dump
Continuous and Interrupted Venting
Procedures
Venting ACF, SCF and Liters to Ensure
Adequate Flow
Chamber Life Support Duration Without
Venting Before Physiology Becomes Life Threatening
Note: CO2 scrubbers,
scrubbing agents and closed circuit systems will be discussed
during special advanced programs.
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Nitrox Therapy Gas Mixtures (N2/O2)
(Recompression
Manual page 79-86)
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Why Diving Accident Victims May Require
Nitrox
- The Advantages of N2/O2
for Therapy
- The Advantages of N2/O2
for Observers
Nitrox Mixtures
Nitrox Tables
Physiological Implications of N2/O2
Avoiding CNS and Pulmonary O2
Toxicity
Nitrox Advantages for Decompression of
Observers
Equating a N2/O2
Observer to the USN Deco Tables
Therapeutical and Operational Advantages
for
60/40 Nitrox Mixtures and 50/50 Nitrox Mixtures
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Nitrox (N2/O2
)vs. Heliox (He/O2)
Isobaric Bubble Growth
Isobaric Gas Switching Resulting in Super
Saturation and Life Threatening Symptoms
Switching to He/O2 While
Increasing or
Decreasing Pressure
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Chamber Gas Supply Requirements
(Free Flow System)
(Recompression
Manual page 89)
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Determining Internal Volume of Chamber,
Cylinder, Flask in Cubic Feet, Gallons and Liters.
Determining How Many Actual Cubic Feet (ACF)
are Required to Pressurize Chamber
Determining Compressor Output (SCF)
Determining Volume of Gas Required to
Pressurize Chamber at Least Twice
Determining Primary/Secondary Gas Supply
Requirements for Treatment Tables
How CO, Scrubbers Can Assist Primary and
Secondary Air Supply
Emergency Procedures for Storing
Personnel
in Chambers in the Event Primary and Secondary
Air Supplies are Lost
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Chamber Cylinder Gas Suddenly
Required for Masks, Hoods Ventilators (Open Circuit Demand/Free
Flow)
(Recompression
Chamber Manual page 93)
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Determining SCF of Gas to Conduct a Dive
Operation in Water or Chamber for All Demand
and Free Flow Systems
Determining How Many Cylinders of O2
is Needed to Conduct a Treatment or Decompression of Observers
Determining How Many SCF of Air, O, or
Nitrox is Required by Mask for Emergency Breathing.
Determining How Many SCF of Air or Nitrox
is Required for Observers to Make Bounce Dives in the Chamber
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Decompression of Observers from Air
or Oxygen Treatment Tables
(Recompression
Chamber Manual page 99)
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Decompression of Observers from Air or
Oxygen Treatment Tables
Pro's and Con's of USN, USAF, NOAA,
Civilian and Foreign Treatment Tables
Decompression of Observers
- Using Oxygen
- Using Nitrox
- Ensuring the Hydrostatic and
Off Gassing Components Are Met
- Using Standard USN
Decompression Tables
- Using "Surface Decompression
Oxygen"
- Using the EAD Concept
- Staying From One Minute to Two Hours at
165 FSW and Coming Out on a USN O2 TT6 or
Extended 6
- For 165 to 60 FSW on a USN Air TT4 to
60 FSW, Then Out on USN O2 TT6 or Extended 6
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Treatment Tables and Viable
Treatment Table Options for DMO's
(Recompression
Chamber Manual page 105)
This portion of the program describes how to
successfully treat a patient and observer when the patient loses
vital signs and it becomes necessary to increase pressure to
restore the vital signs. Ideally, we would recompress the patient
on a single treatment table. However, it is important to know the
next slower table to use to ensure the safety of the patient and
observer. The deeper the recompression depth is, the faster the
CNS, Pulmonary Oxygen and Decompression Clocks are running,
therefore it is necessary to know other treatment table options
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Critical Care and Medical Equipment
in the Hyperbaric Environment
(Practical Hands On)
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Fluid Management (I.V.'s),
Catheters, Suction, E.K.G.'s, Hoods, Ventilators, Masks
Neurological Evaluation
Adjusting Treatment Tables for
Reoccurrence of Symptoms
Tension Pneumothorax,
Pneumocardium and Pneumomediastinum
- Awareness
- Treatment
- Stabilization
Protocol for Placing Persons
in a Coma or with Life
Threatening Vital Signs Under Pressure
Protocol for Pre-Screening
Patients for Safety Before
Placing in Chamber to Prevent Injury
Note: Daily hands on use of
this equipment and procedures
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Recompression Chamber Safety
Pre-Screening Medical Equipment
for Hyperbaric Environment
Chamber Life Support Systems
Preventing Chamber Fires
- fO2 >.23
- Electronics
- Types and Causes of Previous Chamber
Fires
- Oxygen Safety, Handling and Analyzation
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Types
of Cleaning Materials, Clothing and
Painting for Interior Chamber Safety
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Pressure Vessel
Integrity
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| Emergency Breathing
Gases and Their Importance
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Practical Use of
Multi-Place, Multi-Lock Hyperbaric Chambers
Each participant will receive
2-3 hours hands on use of the
recompression chamber each day to practice the following:
Venting Procedures and Requirements
Logs and Timekeeping
Lock-In/Lock-Out Procedures
Use of All Calculations for Gas Supply,
Pressures and Venting
Scenarios to Practice Skills Outlined
Under Critical Care and Medical Equipment
Numerous Chamber Dives from 30 FSW to 130
FSW Using All Breathing Gases (Air, Oxygen, Nitrox Therapy Gas)
- Safety Awareness
- Safety Systems
- Fire Suppression
- Compressors
- All Gas Supply Requirements
- Decompression Schedules
- Treatment Schedules
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